The demonstrations, marches, riots, non-violent civil resistance, acts of civil disobedience and labor strikes began in 2011 in Egypt against the then President Hosni Mubarak. Mubarak became President of Egypt in 1981 and remained at the post for 30 years till 2011.
In 2011, people of Egypt led arguably by opposition leaders started protests and demanded regime change as it looked that the power was being transferred from Hosni Mubarak to his son Gamal Mubarak.
Campaigns and civil resistance started across the country against the increasing police brutality, amending of constitution to control power, tortures, poor living conditions and falling economy. Center of the protest was Tahrir Square in Cairo where thousand of people gathered and revolted.
Protest were carried out for two months until on 11 February 2011 it was announced that Mubarak has finally resigned. And the power was temporarily transferred to Supreme Council of Egyptian Armed Forces (SCAF). Protestors cleaned Tahrir Square as a symbol of a new start.
SCAF dissolved Egyptian parliament and suspended Constitution and declared that it will hold power for 6 months till the general elections are held and a new constitution is made.
Protest came down but didn't end completely. On 27 may 2011, the second revolution started with thousands of people again gathered at Tahrir Square demanding fair trials of Hosni Mubarak, Gamal Mubarak and other leaders. Protest broke out in coming days becoming severe and spread throughout the country demanding fast end of temporary Military rule, new constitution and fair trials.
Protest carried out for months and there were clashes between military and people at different places. Constitution referendum was passed by 77.27%. Protest continued for quick elections. Arrest were made by military and many died in the months long protest.
Decades-old Egypt's emergency law was lifted completely on 31 May 2012.
On 2 June 2012 Hosni Mubarak and his former interior minister Habib al-Adli were convicted to life imprisonment.
Parliament agreed on a constitutional assembly of 100 members to form a new Constitution of Egypt but the members couldn't be finalized.
An interim constitution was enacted on 16 June 2012. It was said in this constitution that a permanent constitution would be enacted within 3 months.
On 24 June 2012 Muslim Brotherhood candidate Mohamed Morsi was democratically elected and became the first free President and Islamist to rule Egypt.
His election brought hope among people that country is moving towards transition where the life of people will become better.
However, on 22 November 2012, Morsi made a new amendment to constitution by protect the Constituent Assembly of Egypt from any type of judicial interference. This declaration made Morsi above all constitutional declarations, laws and decrees.
He also replaced Egypt's prosecutor general Abdel Maguid Mahmoud by Talaat Ibrahim Abdullah.
The very next day of this declaration a revolt erupted around the country and clash among supporters and opponents of Morsi. People at high posts around the world demanded withdrawal of such decree.
On 24 November 2012, the Supreme Judicial Council joined protesters and called it an unprecedented attack on the independence of the judicial branch.
On 27 November 2012, thousand of people came back to Tahrir Square to protest against Morsi declaration and demanded that either he take back the decree or resign. Meanwhile the constitution was being drafted by Constituent Assembly, though after the protest they speed up their work.
On 29 November 2012, voting began on new Constitution and it was passed in parliament. But Human rights and opponents believed that there were many loop holes in the new constitution. Thousand of people again took to streets to protest against the new constitution.
Morsi ultimately annulled his decree but retained limited authority to issue constitutional declarations protecting the draft charter constitution that judges could not overturn.
In January 2013, two years after the initial protest started, tens of thousand of people across the Egypt again came out of their house demanding a regime change as Morsi was not doing what is right and was limiting power to himself.
Clashes became more fierce among supporters of Morsi and opponents of Morsi. Army and people surrounded the Presidential palace to stop people from coming near.
Protest became severe in Suez and Port Said and Morsi announced state of emergency in Suez area and curfew in Cairo. There were many incidences of Police atrocities against the protesters. People were beaten up in public and this increased the outrage of people as they believed Morsi of using his power illegally to curb the protest.
Protest has continued from January to till now across the cities of Egypt. Videos have circulated showing police beating people. Judiciary and countries across the world have asked Morsi to take a step to solve this unrest before more people are killed.
On 26 June, Morsi gave a 2 hours and 45 minutes speech to people, which was seen as threat announcement for opponents. Opponents have given an ultimatum to Morsi to step down.
Egyptian Armed Forces also issued an ultimatum till 3rd July to both the parties to resolve the matter or they will intervene. Morsi has asked the armed forces to withdraw their ultimatum and has said that he was elected democratically and hence cannot be dictated internally or externally.
Morsi has said that Egypt belongs to all and that he is not power or position hungry but is working under the 'sole legitimacy of the constitution'
Since the protest has started, officially more than 500 people including men, women and children have died and thousands have been injured across the country. Unofficially the data is immense. This unrest has taken lives of many and economy of the country has suffered. There is a state of hunger, unemployment and poverty. Still there seems no end of it.
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